@zarbuk Do I have a strategy to overcome this? No, I don’t.
The only thing I can tell you is that you are not alone.
I went through only a semester of a Ph.D. program and am applying again at the end of this year but I experienced a similar situation. Several times I was like a dear looking into the headlight. Several times I was in a discussion and I know I know the content but my mind just went blank. Nothing there.
The only thing I can give you is, based on my reflections on my experiences, a couple of hypotheses of why this is happening. Most of them you already mentioned. You don’t know what to say because you are lost. You are being more pushed around rather than conducting the process you are going through. I come from coaching, human behavior, and professional development so my way of help is more on making questions rather than giving you one-solution-fits-all processes.
Do you actually care about what you are working with? I mean, if you didn’t any pressure to work on this, would you still do it? What would you work with if your bills were all paid and you didn’t have any external pressure? My intention here is to discover where your motivation is pointed because that motivation is what will give order to your thoughts.
Considering you don’t have the luxury to reorganize your whole project (most likely), do you know what you want from it? Same thing as the motivation thing I mentioned before. With that answer at hand, it will be easy to put order to your conscience, thoughts, and actions.
There is also the possibility that given you are handling the same content you mastered once but from a different angle that you are not quite adapted to it yet, you are still trying to land with both feet on the ground. High pressure, a lot of content to read and absorb, it takes some time. Once you feel comfortable with your own skin over there, your knowledge will be there for you to access.
Overall, unless there is some strategy for you to download your mind into some place else or write in several thousand post-its, you only have to wait until you get more comfortable with what is going on. I’m sorry…